Dermatovenerology. Cosmetology

(Artificial intelligence in dermatology: opportunities and prospects)

For example, non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are known to be the most common cancers in the world, and melanoma is the most malignant form of skin cancer. Dermoscopy has increased the accuracy of NMSCs diagnosis by doctors, but, unfortunately, it remains relatively low. AI could provide invaluable help in early assessment and diagnosis of NMSCs. Studies have found that convolution neural network algorithms can classify skin lesions by dermoscopic images with very high or at least equivalent performance compared to clinicians. In this case, qualitative data and specialist’s feedback lead to a significant quality leap in the AI model. Nevertheless, despite the advantages and development speed of AI-based technologies, there are problems related to: a) the need to improve cybersecurity; b) the need to pay more attention to medico-legal and ethical issues; c) The need to standardize international and local regulations. The objective of the review article is to provide an analysis of the current achievements and limitations of AI in dermatology, paying special attention to the relevance of application in clinical practice.

(The role of photoprotection in light-sensitive dermatoses)

It has also been shown that UV-radiation can increase apoptosis. Chloasma, which is most common in pregnant women, should be noted among pigment disorders caused by sunlight. The use of photoprotective agents comes to the first place due to the impossibility of applying certain therapies in this group. Recently, the effect of visible light, particularly blue light (400—500 nm), on the skin has been actively studying. It has been shown that visible light causes more pronounced pigmentary changes in chloasma. The light in blue spectrum can penetrate deeper into the dermis and cause more serious damages than UV-light. Additionally, an increase of the expression of a number of proinflammatory cytokines under the impact of waves of this length is noted, which may play an important role in some chronic dermatoses. That is why it is important to use photoprotective agents which can protect the skin not only from ultraviolet radiation, but also from blue light.

(Lasers and photodynamic therapy in treatment of onychomycoses)

In recent years, hardware methods for correction of this pathology have been actively developing and implementing into clinical practice. The results of studies show that laser and photodynamic therapy can be used successfully in the treatment of onychomycosis. The laser impact on the nail plates contributes to the destruction of pathogenic fungi and prevention of their further spread. Photodynamic therapy involves the use of a photosensitizing drug which, when activated by light, causes the death of fungal cells. We present a review of literature data, allowing to conclude about the advantages and disadvantages of these methods, as well as their combined use with other therapeutic means. Nevertheless, further research is needed to develop optimal laser and photodynamic therapy regimens in the treatment of onychomycosis.

(The importance of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the development and progression of atopic dermatitis)

The ratio of Co-6 and Co-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet plays a significant role in the mechanisms of AtD development. In recent decades, the structure of human nutrition has undergone profound changes under the influence of increasing urbanisation. Different dietary components shape dietary habits and preferences, modelling further effects associated with the risk of developing a number of chronic diseases, including AtD. Conclusion. A combination of unfavourable risk factors leads to the development of AtD. The obtained data confirm the relevance of developing methods of treatment of this disease aimed at improving the quality of life of patients with AtD.

(Hidradenitis suppurativa: review of international clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease)

The analysis of the existing relevant international clinical recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of purulent hidradenitis indicates the absence of specific treatment schemes and algorithms, criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of therapy. In the treatment of purulent hidradenitis, the use of external keratolytics, antiseptics and antibiotics is recommended. Among systemic drugs, antibiotics, retinoids, immunosuppressive agents, hormonal drugs are used. The highest therapeutic efficacy in patients with purulent hidradenitis was shown by genetically engineered drugs that inhibit TNF-α and IL-17A. Conclusions. Patients with purulent hidradenitis require various treatment approaches, including a variety of surgical interventions, depending on the stage, severity, prescription of the disease and the general condition of the patient. The basic principle is the individual selection of the treatment method for a particular patient. In this regard, there is a need to develop domestic clinical guidelines for the management of patients with purulent hidradenitis.

(Grover’s disease — current understanding of transient and persistent acantholytic dermatosis )

According to the literature, the putative associations with disease onset are highly variable and include insolation, pregnancy, hemodialysis, chemotherapy, sweating, a number of dermatoses, and a history of malignancy and organ transplantation. Seasonality of the process has also been described. To date, nine histologic patterns of the disease have been described, the most common being acantholytic dyskeratosis

(Optimization of methods of epistaxis treatment in the working conditions of ambulance and emergency medical teams)

The preferred characteristics of anterior nasal tamponade which should be modified have been determined to improve the efficacy of medical care provision for patients with epistaxis at the prehospital stage. Conclusion. The analysis of existing methods for epistaxis stopping allowed to determine the preferred characteristics of anterior nasal tamponade modification to optimize the provision of ambulance and emergency medical care at the prehospital stage. These features are rapid and atraumatic intranasal introduction of a hydrotampon, providing a combined effect of controlled compression on vessels of the nasal cavity mucosa, which does not require special skills and tools for its installation.

(Modern surgical methods for rejuvenation of the lower third of the face and neck)

(Surgical treatment of lymphedema of the upper extremities in patients with post-mastectomy syndrome)

Such methods as lympho-venous bypass and lymph nodes transplantation demonstrate encouraging results in patients with mild and severe lymphedema. Inclusion of lymphoid tissue into microsurgical flaps for breast reconstruction makes it possible to restore the lost organ and correct lymphedema within the same surgery. Improvement of resection techniques and their combination with complex decongestant therapy make it possible to expand the indications for patients with different stages of disease. In this article, the authors discuss modern approaches to treatment of lymphedema, features and options of surgical treatment, diagnosis and staging in accordance with international classifications.

(Mesenchymal stromal cells secretome: research methods and diagnostic significance in age-dependent changes and inflammaging-associated conditions (review of literature))

Modeling the functional properties of MSCs during the development of cell senescence to a certain extent creates conditions for the development and progression of chronic nonspecific inflammation in surrounding tissues, which is due not only to senescent changes in the cells themselves, but also to changes in the cellular microenvironment in the process of accumulation of senescent cells. Given the emerging data on the possibility and benefits of using the MSC secretome for therapeutic purposes, it is extremely important to evaluate its possible changes due to the likely accumulation of senescent cells, which can potentially lead to the development and exacerbation of low-level inflammation. This review is devoted to analysis of methods for studying MSC secretome, as well as their diagnostic value in the potential use of secretome as a cell-free product in various clinical settings. The literature sources search was carried out in the Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, RSCI databases.

(Deficient skin proteins rescue of expressionin patients with epidermolysis bullosa: efficacy of gentamicin) </strong

Currently, the treatment of epidermolysis bullosa is only symptomatic. Pathogenetic methods of the epidermolysis bullosa therapy are under development. One of the new possible pathogenetic directions in the treatment of epidermolysis bullosa is aminoglycoside antibiotics (gentamicin, geneticin, paromomycin). A number of studies have shown the ability of gentamicin to promote readthrough terminating codon and resume the synthesis of type vii collagen in keratinocytes and fibroblasts in patients with epidermolysis bullosa with nonsense mutations in the COL7A1. The review presented the possibilities of gentamicin therapy for patients with epidermolysis bullosa, describes the mechanism of its action, summarizes data from clinical trials.