| Матинян, Н. В. Синдром острого лизиса опухоли – актуальная мультидисциплинарная проблема детской онкогематологии / Н. В. Матинян, Е. И. Белоусова, Т. Т. Валиев // Гематология и трансфузиология. – 2024. – Т. 69, № 1. – С. 66–78.
(Acute tumor lysis syndrome — an urgent multidisciplinary problem in pediatric hematology) |
Introduction. Acute tumor lysis syndrome (ATLS) is a life-threatening complication of treatment in children with highly aggressive lymphomas (III–IV stages) and acute leukemias accompanied by hyperleukocytosis (above 100×109/L). Aim. To conduct a literature review on the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of acute tumor lysis syndrome in pediatric diseases of the blood system. Main findings. Data was searched in PubMed, ResearchGate and Elibrary using the keywords tumor lysis syndrome, acute tumor lysis syndrome, malignant lymphoproliferative diseases in children and malignant neoplasms in children, limited to clinical trials, original articles and reviews on individuals from birth to 18 years of age. The search criteria were met by 24 clinical trials and 38 literature reviews. ATLS was characterized by acute electrolyte and metabolic disorders, and in the absence of therapy led to multiple organ failure and death. The prevention and treatment of ALTS includes cytoreductive prephase, infusion therapy, and/or allopurinol or rasburicase. If conservative therapy proves ineffective, hemodiafi ltration is performed. |
| Редкие инфекции перинатального периода / А. А. Фадеева [и др.] // Детские инфекции. – 2024. – Т. 23, № 3. – С. 45–54.
(Rare perinatal infections) |
Congenital viral infections are one of the pressing issues in modern neonatology. Due to the fact that viremia is a common stage in the infection process, the fetus is at high risk of intrauterine hematogenic infection, which can harm various organs and systems. The most frequently observed manifestations of congential viral infections are: intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), micro- and macrocephaly, fetal hydrocephalus, hepatosplenomegaly, pneumonia, bone lesions, rash and haematological abnormalities. Even though these clinical manifestations are not specific, identifying the etiological factor is often a necessary step to determine the future management of the newborn. The aim of this paper is to collect and summarize literary data on lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and Zika virus. Results: congenital infections caused by LCMV and Zika virus share similar clinical features. Laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods facilitate carrying out the differential diagnosis and establishing prognosis and the best clinical approach to the patient. |
| Значение продуктов из амаранта в диетическом рационе питания детей с непереносимостью глютена / В. И. Попов [и др.] // Вопросы питания. – 2024. – Т. 93, № 4. – С. 14–21.
(The importance of amaranth products in the diet of children with gluten intolerance) |
The study of gluten intolerance is a modern area of medical science. With the advent of new diagnostic capabilities and data on the forms of the disease, wide opportunities have opened up in optimizing the timing and invasiveness reducing of intervention during diagnosis and further monitoring of the child’s health. However, despite all efforts, the basic method of treating all forms of gluten intolerance remains strict adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). It is known that GFD itself, as well as low adherence to its observance can lead to nutritional disorders. Therefore, the expansion of the diet at the expense of foods with high nutritional value will greatly contribute to the optimization of diet therapy and compensation for food restrictions. The purpose of the review was to evaluate the possibility of using amaranth products in a GFD to fill the need for nutrients in children with gluten intolerance. Material and methods. The search for literature data was carried out using PubMed, eLIBRARY, scholar.google platforms mainly over the last 5 years, using the keywords: gluten intolerance, children, amaranth, gluten-free diet. Results. An analysis of modern literary sources has shown that amaranth is a product of choice in diet therapy when following a GFD, since it is a pseudo-grain crop. The article presents data confirming the high nutritional value of amaranth due to the protein component and the features of the lipid fraction. The features of the amino acid composition and squalene content in comparison with other plant crops are discussed. The article contains information on the preservation of the beneficial properties of amaranth in finished foods, in particular, the addition of amaranth flour instead of corn starch increases the protein content by 32% and fiber by 152% in gluten-free bread without affecting the taste. The advantages of the chemical composition of amaranth are shown in comparison with other pseudo-cereals. The research results prove the effectiveness of using amaranth products in GFD to eliminate deficiency states in patients, normalize physical development in children with gluten intolerance, and increase patient adherence to the diet. Conclusion. The composition of amaranth and the available studies on the effectiveness of amaranth products consumption convincingly prove the advisability of using it in nutrition, especially under dietary restrictions or increased need for nutrients in childhood. |
| Пищевая аллергия у детей: вызовы терапии и стандартизация исходов / Л. А. Федорова [и др.] // Аллергология и иммунология в педиатрии. – 2024. – Т. 22, № 3. – С. 4–18.
(Food allergy in children: treatment challenges and outcome standardization) |
Relevance. Food allergy (FA) is an important public health concern, particularly among children, with an increasing prevalence. It is associated with a significant decrease in the quality of life for patients and their families due to the need to avoid allergens and the risk of severe allergic reactions, such as anaphylaxis. Despite active research, the primary treatment remains elimination diets, which limit patients’ options and highlight the need for new therapeutic solutions. Aim of the review. This review aims to summarize the current treatment methods for food allergy, discuss the challenges in evaluating the effectiveness of interventions, and highlight the importance of standardizing outcomes in clinical trials to improve comparability and practical relevance. Content. The review discusses modern therapeutic approaches for food allergy, such as oral, epicutaneous, and sublingual immunotherapies, which have shown positive results in achieving tolerance to allergens. Special attention is given to safety concerns, particularly for children, emphasizing the need for further research. The potential use of biological agents, such as omalizumab, in food allergy treatment is also explored. The review addresses challenges in choosing and standardizing endpoints in clinical trials, where most focus on desensitization and immunological markers, while patient-centered outcomes, such as quality of life, remain under-researched. The implementation of “core outcome sets” is highlighted as an important step toward improving data comparability and forming a more objective basis for clinical recommendations. Conclusions. The review emphasizes significant progress in food allergy treatment but notes the need for further research to ensure the safety of new therapies, particularly for children. Standardizing outcomes in clinical trials plays a key role in improving the quality and comparability of research, which will, in turn, help develop more effective clinical guidelines and improve patients’ quality of life. |
| Галимова, А. А. Реинтродукция исключенных пищевых триггеров как важный этап ведения пациентов с пищевой аллергией / А. А. Галимова, С. Г. Макарова // Аллергология и иммунология в педиатрии. – 2024. – Т. 22, № 3. – С. 19–29.
(Reintroduction of excluded food triggers as a crucial step in managing patients with food allergies) |
Introduction. Despite active research into the mechanisms of food allergies (FA), the main approach to managing patients with this condition remains the complete exclusion of causative allergens from the diet for a certain period. At the same time, the question of timely reintroduction of excluded food triggers into the diet is frequently raised, which is important both for maintaining oral tolerance and reducing the negative effects of long-term elimination diets, such as nutritional and eating behavior disorders, as well as financial burdens on families. However, clear recommendations on the reintroduction of previously excluded foods have not existed until recently. Regarding cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA), such recommendations were provided in 2023 in the consensus document of the World Allergy Organization (WAO) — DRACMA. Aim. The aim of this review is to present current approaches to the reintroduction of food allergens into the diets of patients with food allergies and to evaluate various reintroduction protocols, including those used for cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA). Material and methods. This review provides a concise summary of current approaches to reintroducing food allergens into the diet, covering both IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated forms of food allergy. The advantages of different patient management protocols are discussed, with special attention given to CMPA as one of the most common manifestations of FA in children. Results. An analysis of modern approaches has demonstrated that modern recommendations regarding the reintroduction of allergens, including those presented in the document of the World Allergological Organization — DRACMA for allergy to cow’s milk proteins, allow for a more personalized and safe approach to the reintroduction of allergens, which helps reduce risks and maintain food tolerance. Conclusions. The introduction of new guidelines for the reintroduction of food allergens is an important step in managing patients with food allergies. These recommendations provide a more personalized approach to treating food-allergic patients, including those with cow’s milk protein allergy, reducing the risks associated with reintroducing allergens into the diet. They also help to mitigate the negative effects of elimination diets and maintain oral tolerance in patients, which is particularly important for children with FA. |
| Cовременный подход к диагностике и лечению болезни Фабри в детском возрасте / О. Я. Смирнова [и др.] // Вопросы современной педиатрии. – 2024. – Т. 23, № 1. – C. 6–12.
(Modern Approach to Fabry Disease Diagnosis and Management in Children) |
Fabry disease (FD), or Andersen-Fabry disease, is a rare hereditary lysosomal disease (sphingolipids storage disease) characterized by progressive multisystem involvement. The major symptoms among children are neuropathic pain / acroparesthesia, angiokeratomas, hypo- or anhidrosis, vortex keratopathy. Biochemical tests, molecular genetic testing, and family screening play crucial role in the diagnosis of the disease. Specific pathogenetic treatment of FD includes enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant medications of the lysosomal enzyme -galactosidase A. ERT initiation before the development of severe organs and systems’ damage contributes to its higher efficacy. This article covers various aspects of pathogenesis, clinical picture features in childhood, modern methods of diagnosis and management of FD according to literature data. |
| Роль витамина D в патогенезе воспалительных заболеваний кишечника: обзор литературы / А. И. Хавкин [и др.] // Вопросы современной педиатрии. – 2024. – Т. 23, № 2. – C. 58–62.
(Role of Vitamin D in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Literature Review) |
The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases still remains unclear nowadays. Genetic disposition, impaired immune regulation, disturbance in intestinal microbiota composition, exposure to environmental factors are associated with the development of inflammation in intestinal mucosa and increased epithelial penetrance that define disease’s development and progression. There is a theory in scientific literature that vitamin D deficiency (among other environmental factors) increases the risk of inflammatory bowel disease. However, the role of vitamin D in the development of gastrointestinal tract diseases remains poorly studied. This article presents current data on the vitamin D effect on the intestinal mucosa barrier function, on the immune system and on the intestinal microbiota in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases pathogenesis. |
| Кунгурцева, А. Л. Прогероидный синдром Коккейна / А. Л. Кунгурцева, А. В. Витебская // Вопросы современной педиатрии. – 2024. – Т. 23, № 3. – C. 124–130.
(Progeroid Cockayne Syndrome) |
Cockayne syndrome is a rare genetic disease from the group of premature aging syndromes associated with impaired DNA repair. The syndrome is autosomal recessive, and it is caused by pathogenic variants in ERCC8, ERCC6, XPB (ERCC3), XPD (ERCC2), and XPG (ERCC5) genes. Its prevalence is 1 case per 2.5 million people. The clinical signs include nervous, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems impairments, severe growth retardation, and body weight deficiency. The average life expectancy of these patients varies from 5 to 30 years and depends on the disease type and severity. There is no pathogenetic treatment. This article presents the results of the latest research on the disease diagnosis and management. |
| Лелик, В. П. Инструменты оценки речевого и языкового развития детей дошкольного и младшего школьного возраста: обзор литературы / В. П. Лелик, М. Д. Дьячкова, С. В. Дорофеева // Вопросы современной педиатрии. – 2024. – Т. 23, № 3. – C. 131–144.
(Speech and Language Assessment Tools for Preschool and Primary School Children: Literature Review) |
The wide range of methods has been suggested for assessing the speech and language development in children. Therefore, the choice of suitable assessment tool is not always trivial. This article provides the overview of the methods used to examine Russian-speaking children, emphasises the parameters crucial for their comparison and, finally, choice itself. This review can be useful for researchers in the field of children’s speech and language development, specialists using various tools for assessing children’s speech in practice (pediatricians, speech pathologists, defectologists), as well as teachers and parents. |
| Современные представления о воспалительных заболеваниях кишечника у детей с очень ранним и ранним началом / А. И. Хавкин [и др.] // Вопросы современной педиатрии. – 2024. – Т. 23, № 3. – C. 145–151.
(Modern View on Very Early Onset and Early Onset Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in Children) |
Nowadays, an urgent problem of pediatric gastroenterology is the study of inflammatory bowel diseases with very early onset (VEO-IBD), which have unique genetic, clinical, immunological, morphological, and laboratory sings. Early VEO-IBD is usually considered as monogenic disease, especially in combination with congenital immune defects, which leads to difficulties in diagnosis and management this pathology. Despite this, systematization of information about this group of nosological forms of IBD is practically not carried out. This article presents a review of the available information on etiological factors, course variants, and therapeutic options for VEO-IBD. |
| Общие принципы реабилитации пациентов с церебральным параличом после одномоментных многоуровневых ортопедических операций (SEMLS) / О. А. Клочкова [и др.] // Вопросы современной педиатрии. – 2024. – Т. 23, № 3. – C. 152–161.
(General Rehabilitation Principles for Patients with Cerebral Palsy After Single-Event Multilevel Surgery (SEMLS)) |
Single-Event Multilevel Surgery (SEMLS) is the standard for surgical correction of secondary orthopedic deformities in cerebral palsy (CP). SEMLS include simultaneous correction of soft tissue contractures, bone deformities, incomplete and complete joint dislocation to improve the gait and functional activity of patients with CP. The surgery volume determines the need for planned and long-term postoperative rehabilitation, however, there are no confirmed guidelines, neither Russian, nor foreign, on the patient’s management during postoperative period. This review provides an analysis of rehabilitation approaches after SEMLS at CP, offers recommendations on preparation and step-by-step postoperative restoration of motor function, and prevention of any associated complications |
| Кульбачинская, Е. К. Лечение катехоламинергической полиморфной желудочковой тахикардии / Е. К. Кульбачинская, В. В. Березницкая // Вопросы современной педиатрии. – 2024. – Т. 23, № 2. – C. 63–70.
(Management of Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia) |
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a primary electrical heart disease characterized by the development of polymorphic (including bidirectional) ventricular tachycardia in response to adrenergic stimulation. The leading clinical sign of CPVT is syncope provoked by physical or emotional stress, or adrenergic drugs administration. This disease is characterized by high mortality if not treated. The main treatment approach for CPVT is drug therapy with beta-blockers. Recently, however, there are more and more works stating that beta-blockers have lack of efficacy. Combination therapy with the antiarrhythmic drug of the IC class is one of the approaches before implementing the interventional treatment methods in several patients. Interventional methods include cardioverter defibrillator implantation and left side sympathectomy. This paper presents the modern view on the efficacy, safety, and indications for every management method for patients with CPVT. |
| Кульбачинская, Е. К. Диагностика катехоламинергической полиморфной желудочковой тахикардии / Е. К. Кульбачинская, В. В. Березницкая // Вопросы современной педиатрии. – 2024. – Т. 23, № 4. – C. 213–219.
(Diagnosis of Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia) |
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is primary electrical heart disease characterized by development of polymorphic, including bidirectional, ventricular tachycardia in response to adrenergic stimulation caused by physical or emotional stress. The major CPVT’s clinical manifestation is faintness caused by exercises, emotional stress, or beta-adrenergic agonists administration. This disease has high mortality rate without any treatment. The difficulties of preclinical diagnosis as well as late diagnosis after CPVT’s clinical signs manifestation dictate the need to analyze and systematize all the data on disease’s causes, clinical manifestations, and existing diagnostic approaches. This work has particular focus on the analysis of the disease molecular genetic causes and the spectrum of associated disorders in patients with CPVT regarding its diagnosis, management, and prognosis. Future research topics were determined for improving diagnosis quality and reducing mortality of patients with CPVT. |
| Исрафилова, С. Х. Аритмии у детей с острыми респираторными вирусными инфекциями: распространенность и причины появления / С. Х. Исрафилова, Т. К. Кручина, Г. А. Новик // Вопросы современной педиатрии. – 2024. – Т. 23, № 4. – C. 220–228.
(Arrhythmias in Children with Acute Respiratory Viral Infections: Prevalence and Causes) |
The article presents literature review about arrhythmias in children with acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI). The search was carried out in such databases as PubMed, CyberLeninka, RSCI, etc. ARVI is the most common infectious disease in children and adults, and it can have severe course and various complications. Arrhythmias can be frequently revealed in children with ARVI, and most of them are transient. Life-threatening cardiac rhythm and conduction disorders (CRCD) may occur more rarely, especially in severe cases. Knowledge and interest in the pathophysiology of viral infections have increased significantly, including CRCD risk factors in ARVI, thanks to the data obtained during the analysis of COVID-19 clinical course and outcome. This review summarizes and analyzes data on CRCD prevalence and arrhythmogenesis causes in ARVI. |
| Ингибиторы натрийзависимого переносчика глюкозы 2-го типа – прорыв в коррекции нейтропении и дисфункции нейтрофилов у больных с гликогеновой болезнью типа Ib / А. Н. Сурков [и др.] // Вопросы современной педиатрии. – 2024. – Т. 23, № 3. – C. 162–167.
(Sodium-Dependent Glucose Transporter Type 2 Inhibitors as a Breakthrough in Neutropenia and Neutrophil Dysfunction Management in Patients with Glycogen Storage Disease Type Ib) |
Glycogen storage disease type Ib (GSD Ib) is a rare and extremely severe disease included in the group of hereditary carbohydrate metabolism disorders. The condition is caused by pathogenic variants in the SLC37A4 gene leading to glucose metabolic disorder in the liver and kidneys, and as a result to severe organomegaly, hypoglycemia, and metabolic decompensation. Moreover, neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction are noted in patients with GSD Ib. The use of granulocyte colony stimulating factor only increases the number of dysfunctional neutrophils without affecting their functional activity, what determines the inefficacy of such treatment. In recent years, the mechanism of neutropenia in GSD Ib has been clarified, so new therapeutic agents for its relief have been created. This article presents the overview of data on the successful results of renal sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (gliflozins) usage in patients with GSD Ib. |
| Саркопеническое ожирение у детей: клиническое значение, подходы к диагностике и терапии / Е. В. Павловская [и др.] // Вопросы детской диетологии. – 2023. – Т. 21, № 5. – С. 63–70.
(Sarcopenic obesity in children) |
The presented literature review raises the problem of sarcopenic obesity in the pediatric population. A number of studies show that with morbid obesity, the level of muscle mass decreases until the development of sarcopenia. Sarcopenic obesity is closely associated with a deterioration in the quality of life and a decrease in human activity. Despite the growing relevance of the issue, many data, such as the mechanism of development, outcomes and epidemiology of the pathological condition in children, are not clearly defi ned. In our article, we provided data on the methods of studying the disease, the advantages of some methods over others, the relationship of the condition in question with disorders of other organs and systems, the pathogenesis of the disease in an adult and a possible mechanism for the development of sarcopenic obesity in children. |
| Херувизм / В. Н. Котов [и др.] // Педиатрия. Журнал имени Г. Н. Сперанского. – 2023. – Т. 102, № 6. – С. 81–88.
(Cherubism. A bibliographical review) |
This bibliographical review represents current data on a rare hereditary disease, cherubism in children and adolescents, methods of its diagnosis and staging. The causes for and possible mechanisms of development of this condition: SH3BP2 gene mutations, the role of the RANKLOPG system and the TNF-alpha in the pathogenesis of cherubism, are considered. Clinical manifestations of the disease are described as well. Various treatment methods (medical and surgical) are presented and analyzed. Special attention is paid to the Denosumab drug as to the most effective one in the treatment of cherubism. |
| Шудуева, А. Р. Состояние дыхательной системы у детей с гемодинамикой Фонтена / А. Р. Шудуева, И. А. Ковалев, Ю. Л. Мизерницкий // Педиатрия. Журнал имени Г. Н. Сперанского. – 2023. – Т. 102, № 6. – С. 115–122.
(Respiratory system in children with Fontan circulation from the pulmonologist’s point of view) |
Fontan procedure is a surgical operation for patients who were born with one working heart ventricle that involves complete separation of the pulmonary and the systemic circulation systems, which significantly improves their quality of life and becomes the preferred method of palliative surgery for congenital heart defects with univentricular hemodynamics. Despite all of its advantages this procedure is associated with a number of limitations dictated by the unique type of blood circulation. The uniqueness of Fontan hemodynamics lies in the fact that it is based on passive (non-pulsatile) pulmonary blood flow, which ensures gas exchange and preload of a single (systemic) ventricle. Pulmonary blood flow is determined by central venous pressure (CVP) and pulmonary vascular resistance. Therefore, systemic ventricular preload and cardiac output depend on well-running lung function coupled with low values of pulmonary vascular resistance. Various pulmonary anatomical or pathophysiological changes may compromise the optimal Fontan circulation. This bibliographical review represents currently known data on cardiopulmonary interactions within Fontan circulation, the causes for and the variants of the pulmonary dysfunction. |
| Стратегии респираторной терапии у детей с тяжелой бронхолегочной дисплазией / С. С. Межинский [и др.] // Педиатрия. Журнал имени Г. Н. Сперанского. – 2024. – Т. 103, № 1. – С. 146–152.
(Respiratory support in children with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. A bibliographical review) |
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease of multifactorial etiology characterized by the formation of respiratory failure and regressing as the child grows. With a severe form of BPD, adequate and safe respiratory support is required for a long time. The mechanical properties of the lungs in these patients differ significantly from those in acute respiratory pathology, which should be taken into account when setting the parameters of the ventilator. Important task is to determine the optimal moment for the transition to a strategy of respiratory support for damaged lungs, which is characterized by slow dynamics and specific parameter settings. In the absence of recommendations based on high quality evidence, most specialists choose a personalized approach that takes into account the specificity of respiratory mechanics in patients with severe BPD. An important goal is to achieve respiratory comfort, which allows achieving optimal growth and recovery of respiratory system. |
| Поражение ЦНС у новорожденных вследствие гипо- и гипергликемии / Ю. Г. Самойлова [и др.] // Педиатрия. Журнал имени Г. Н. Сперанского. – 2024. – Т. 103, № 1. – С. 153–157.
(Central nervous system damage in newborns due to hypo- and hyperglycemias. A bibliographical review) |
Carbohydrate metabolism plays an enormous role in the vital functions of a child’s body. Glucose is the main energy source for the development of the central nervous system starting from the intrauterine development period. This bibliographical review is devoted to such pathological conditions of newborns as hypo- and hyperglycemias and namely to the mechanisms of the influence of the named metabolic disorders on the central nervous system, the topography of the brain damages and clinical consequences. The analysis revealed that dysglycaemia is more common in children with an aggravated ante- and perinatal history, is combined with damage of brain structures and leads, even in subclinical form, to short- and long-term consequences of neuropsychiatric development, and therefore requires predictive and timely verification and correction taking into account individual characteristics. |
| Шалькевич, Л. В. Особенности неврологических проявлений постковидного синдрома у детей: обзор литературы / Л. В. Шалькевич, И. В. Жевнеронок, М. М. Костеневич // Педиатрия. Восточная Европа. – 2024. – Т. 12, № 1. – С. 78–85.
(Features of Neurological Manifestations of Post-COVID |
The article deals with the problem of the consequences of the past COVID-19 infection in children. The main risk factors for the development of long COVID-19 in children are considered, such as: age (more often post-COVID syndrome has been developed in older children); a history of allergic reactions, neurological diseases, pathology of the respiratory system; overweight (obesity); severe course of COVID-19.The defi nition of post-COVID syndrome is given, its main manifestations in children are highlighted: predominantly functional nature of clinical manifestations; predominance of headaches and asthenia in the structure of neurological disorders; pronounced nature of the manifestations of post-COVID clinical symptoms; increased symptoms of premorbid neurological pathology; long duration of post-COVID disorders symptoms, which may be indicative for ineff ectiveness of conventional treatment and rehabilitation methods. It was noted that cognitive impairment in asthenovegetative manifestations of COVID-19 infection was more pronounced than after other infectious diseases. |
| Беляева, И. А. Латентный дефицит железа у детей раннего возраста: современные профилактические стратегии / И. А. Беляева, Е. П. Бомбардирова, Т. В. Турти // Педиатрическая фармакология. – 2023. – Т. 20, № 5. – С. 478–489.
(Latent Iron Deficiency in Tender-Age Infants: Modern Preventive Measures) |
This article presents practical data, topical for pediatricians, on the child’s body provision with the essential trace element — iron; and on iron deficiency conditions development and staging in children. Clinical and laboratory criteria for the identification of such conditions are defined; data on their prevalence in tender-age infants is outlined. The results of modern studies showing the correlations between iron deficiency and delayed developmental conditions in children (including cognitive ones) are presented. Alimental factors (associated with body provision with iron) and nutritional strategies (associated with supplemental feeding timely administration, adequacy, and diversity) are described in detail. They are focused on effective and safe prevention of latent iron deficiency.
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| Ингибиторы протонной помпы в педиатрической практике / А. А. Шилова [и др.] // Педиатрическая фармакология. – 2023. – Т. 20, № 5. – С. 490–497.
(Proton pump inhibitors in pediatric practice) |
The scientific review of the literature provides information on current clinical observations of the use of proton pump inhibitors in large randomized trials of Russian and foreign scientists, issues of their classification, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacogenetics, efficacy and safety of prescribing in pediatric practice, due to the growth of acid-dependent conditions in children and the need for further systematic research with the development of approaches to personalization of prescribing drugs for each age group. |
| Иммунодефицитные состояния при врожденных пороках сердца (обзор литературы) / Е. А. Дегтярева [и др.] // Педиатрическая фармакология. – 2023. – Т. 20, № 5. – С. 507–514.
(Immunodeficiency Disorders in Congenital Heart Diseases (Review)) |
The study data of the last two decades on primary and secondary immunodeficiency in congenital heart defects (CHD) as a cause of frequent infectious complications before and after cardiac surgery are presented. Based on screenings of various levels, data are provided on the greater severity of immunological disorders in critical and cyanotic CHD in conotruncal defects compared with those in septal defects and stenotic defects. Violations were more often related to T-cell function and immunoglobulin deficiency (especially the IgG and IgG4 subgroups). Various types of primary immunodeficiency were found in 13 genetic syndromes in combination with CHD. The review discusses the possibility of using the technique of quantitative determination of DNA TREC and KREC — by-products of maturation of T- and B-cell receptors, which allows us to judge the defects of the T- and B-cell links of the immune system to predict infectious complications in children with CHD. The data of our own study of 200 infants with CHD (in 5% of cases with syndromic forms of CHD) are presented, where a decrease in TREC was found in 23.5% of cases, including all infants with syndromic forms, more often with cyanotic and conotruncal CHD and in children admitted in critical conditions. In children with reduced TREC values, infectious complications in the postoperative period were observed significantly more often than in children with normal indicators (36 and 3.6%, respectively). The analysis of publications confirmed the importance of TREC and KREC screening for targeted preoperative preparation in order to reduce postoperative complications and reduce the risk of mortality in CHD. |
| Риск развития недостаточности питания и принципы коррекции нарушений нутритивного статуса у детей с муковисцидозом / Е. И. Клещенко [и др.] // Педиатрическая фармакология. – 2023. – Т. 20, № 5. – С. 515–522.
(The Risk of Developing of Malnutrition and the Principles of Correction of Nutritional Status Disorders in Children with Cystic Fibrosis) |
Cystic fibrosis is a severe hereditary disease with polysystemic manifestations and progressive course. Malnutrition in cystic fibrosis occurs as a result of exocrine insufficiency of the pancreas, an increase in energy losses in chronic inflammation in the bronchopulmonary system, manifested by increased stress on the respiratory system. The presented literature review highlights the modern principles of prevention and correction of malnutrition in children with cystic fibrosis, identifies the most promising methods for further development that correct nutritional status disorders. The review has shown that an active approach to nutrition at any age, the use of aggressive methods of nutritional support against the background of enzyme replacement therapy, timely and adequate therapy of respiratory tract pathology lead to an improvement in the indicators of nutritional status in cystic fibrosis. The most promising is the further development of targeted therapy, which allows, as a result of exposure to the etiopathogenetic mechanisms of the disease, to reduce the frequency and severity of bronchopulmonary exacerbations, partially restore the exocrine function of the pancreas, which is manifested in patients with cystic fibrosis by an increase in body weight and mass-growth index. |
| Персонализированный подход к применению методов роботизированной механотерапии у детей с церебральным параличом разных возрастных групп: обзор литературы / У. Ш. Ашрафова [и др.] // Педиатрическая фармакология. – 2023. – Т. 20, № 6. – С. 588–596.
(A personalized approach to application of robotic mechanotherapy methods in children with cerebral palsy of different age groups (review)) |
Rehabilitation of children with motor disorders is a continuous, staged and dynamic process carried out on the basis of individualization of the program, the effectiveness of which depends on many important factors, starting from the consciousness and motivation of the patient, his rehabilitation potential and ending with the methods of medical rehabilitation used. In recent years, global changes have been taking place in rehabilitation related to the introduction of robotic technology. One of the modern methods is robotic mechanotherapy, with the advantages of the wide possibilities of changing training parameters, continuous computer analysis of motor functions, the possibility of training with simulated movements close to physiological ones. The modern introduction of the possibilities and limitations of the use of robotic complexes in the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy will eliminate errors and complications during complex medical rehabilitation and optimally use all the advantages of this method. |
| Гормон-продуцирующие опухоли яичников у детей: литературный обзор / Е. В. Сибирская [и др.] // Педиатрическая фармакология. – 2024. – Т. 21, № 1. – С. 41–49.
(Hormone-producing Ovarian Tumors in Children. Literature Review) |
Hormone-producing ovarian tumors in girls are an actual problem in modern gynecology, which is associated with certain difficulties in managing patients. Firstly, it is worth taking into account the higher anatomical mobility of tumors in girls than in adults, due to the high location of the ovaries, weakness of the ligamentous apparatus and the active lifestyle of the child, which causes a higher incidence of torsion of the volumetric mass in children. Secondly, surgical treatment of hormone-producing ovarian tumors leads to a decrease in ovarian reserve and irreversible consequences in the reproductive health of patients in the future, which is an extremely undesirable complication in childhood. Therefore, methods of fertility preservation should be discussed with girls and their parents. It is also important to note that hormone-producing ovarian tumors have a certain degree of malignancy and a tendency to recur. Thus, the relevance of this topic lies in the complexity of management of pediatric patients with this pathology due to the clinical features of the course and a higher probability of complications. Hormone-producing ovarian masses should also include follicular cysts and corpus luteum cysts, but the above structures are excluded from the discussion in this article. |
| Прилуцкий, А. С. Применение омализумаба и аллерген-специфической иммунотерапии для лечения респираторных аллергических заболеваний у детей и взрослых / А. С. Прилуцкий, О. А. Прилуцкая // Аллергология и иммунология в педиатрии. – 2024. – Т. 77, № 2. – С. 38–49.
(Use of omalizumab and allergen-specific immunotherapy for the treatment of respiratory allergic diseases in children and adults) |
Allergen-specific immunotherapy is a method of treatment and prevention of respiratory allergic diseases. Carrying it out changes and improves the course of allergic diseases. One of the promising and new approaches is the combination of allergen-specific immunotherapy with one of the biological drugs, omalizumab. Currently, few such studies have been carried out in the world. 14 works were selected from international databases (eLibrary.ru, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science). Their results were analyzed and summarized. The characteristics of these studies and their design are given. The results of the safety and effectiveness of the combined use of allergen-specific treatment and anti-IgE therapy are described. It was shown that in most cases (13 out of 14), omalizumab therapy precedes allergen-specific immunotherapy. However, the duration of combination treatment, drug regimens, and patient monitoring vary significantly. All studies have established a variety of positive effects of the combined use of omalizumab and allergen-specific immunotherapy (improvement of the course of diseases, increased possibility of treatment with allergens, good tolerability of drugs, etc.). These studies are very promising. Their continuation is required. It is necessary to clarify the most rational schemes for the combined use of anti-IgE and allergen-specific immunotherapy. |
| Роль ω-3 полиненасыщенных жирных кислот в развитии ребенка / И. В. Озерская [и др.] // Вопросы питания. – 2024. – Т. 93, № 2. – С. 6–18.
(The role of ω-3 polyunsaturated |
ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are incorporated in cell membranes and play an important role in the development and functioning of organs. Consolidation of data on the role of ω-3 PUFAs in child development may increase the professional’s awareness, help to plan clinical studies, and develop recommendations for supplementation. The aim of the research was to analyze literature data on the effect of ω-3 PUFAs on the central nervous system, immune system, and vision in children. Material and methods. 86 literature sources have been analyzed, a keyword search was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, eLibrary and Google Scholar databases. Results. ω-3 PUFAs (alpha-linolenic, docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids) are not synthesized in the human organism, and should be obtained from food. The need for ω-3 PUFAs is especially high during periods of rapid growth (the first years of life and adolescence). ω-3 PUFAs play an important role in the anatomical and functional development of the brain, affecting the maturation and functioning of neurons, participating in the processes of neurogenesis, migration, synaptogenesis, and neurotransmission. The results of clinical studies on the effect of ω-3 PUFAs on the cognitive functions of healthy children and patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are contradictory, which requ ires further research. PUFAs are substrates for the synthesis of bioactive compounds and take part in the control of acute and chronic inflammation, and also have a regulatory effect on immune cells. ω-3 PUFAs supplementation decreases the frequency and duration of acute respiratory viral infections in children. This indicates the potential effectiveness of ω-3 PUFAs in the prevention of acute respiratory viral infections. Сlinical studies demonstrated positive effects of ω-3 PUFAs on retinal development in premature infants. Conclusion. Adequate intake of ω-3 PUFAs is essential for the development and functioning of the central nervous system, immune system and vision in children. The body content of ω-3 PUFAs is closely related to the nutrition. In the Russian Federation, consumption of fish and other products containing ω-3 PUFAs is traditionally low. The majority of the Russian population has a deficiency in ω-3 PUFA consumption. With an unbalanced diet, supplementation of ω-3 PUFAs is necessary. |