| Проблемные вопросы и разработка классификаций основных параметров качества и приверженности фармакотерапии. Часть II: приверженность врачей положениям клинических рекомендаций и официальных инструкций к лекарственным препаратам / Ю. В. Лукина [и др.] // Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. – 2024. – Т. 23, № 2. – С. 103–110.
(Problematic issues and development of classifications of the main parameters of quality and adherence to pharmacotherapy. Part II: physician adherence to clinical guidelines and official drug labels) |
The second publication is presented, devoted to the classification of the main parameters of quality and adherence to pharmacotherapy. Despite the fact that patients play a central role in the problem of medical adherence, the role of attending physicians is extremely significant both in prescribing/non-prescribing proven effective and safe therapy, and in influencing patient medical adherence. This led to the identification of a special commitment type — the physician adherence to the basic principles of rational treatment. Collection, analysis and systematization of information, as well as the related development of a classification of physician adherence/non-adherence were the aim of this review and analytical work. We searched data using keywords among Russian and English-language sources. When compiling the classification, categories of adherence/non-adherence were identified in accordance with the implementation by physicians of the main provisions of clinical guidelines for long-term therapy for patients with non-communicable diseases (NCDs), as well as following official drug labels reflecting data on clinical pharmacology, the main side effects, drug-drug interactions. The classification of physician adherence/non-adherence to implementing the principles of rational treatment of patients with NCDs can be used in the development of electronic medical decision support systems for providing therapy with proven effectiveness and safety in specific clinical situations. In addition, on the basis of the developed classification, checklists for monitoring by healthcare specialists of the implementation of the rational treatment of patients with chronic NCDs should be created. |
| Новые подходы к диагностическим информационным системам в радиологии / А. Г. Бажанов [и др.] // Российский журнал телемедицины и электронного здравоохранения. – 2023. – Т. 9, № 1. – С. 7–20.
(New approaches to diagnostic information systems in radiology) |
The first electronic information systems to help compile radiological reports appeared in the mid-1960s and were introduced primarily in radiology departments of healthcare. Due to the development and achievements in the field of information technology in radiology, a system of archiving and transmission of images (Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS)) was introduced, this helped to reduce the stages of work processes in the routine practice of a radiologist in comparison with the use of classical systems based on films and paper. Also, the use of PACS has led to an increase in the effective work of the radiation diagnostics department by speeding up the acquisition of images for diagnosticians and clinicians, reducing the costs of the department, speeding up the writing of research protocols, increasing the number of studies to conduct and describe. The use of modern information systems has a number of advantages, storing a large amount of data, combining and storing disparate information systems of a medical organization, obtaining full access to the electronic medical record of the patient, which in turn accelerates work processes and effective interaction of hospital staff. Thus, dependence on these information systems by radiation diagnosticians and doctors of other specializations can affect the diagnosis and improvement of the quality of patient care. This review contains up-to-date information about the work of information systems in radiology departments. |
| Лебедев, Г. С. Модифицируемые факторы среды помещения: влияние на здоровье человека и цифровой мониторинг / Г. С. Лебедев, И. А. Шадеркин, Н. А. Лебедева // Российский журнал телемедицины и электронного здравоохранения. – 2023. – Т. 9, № 1. – С. 21–48.
(Modifiable Indoor Environmental Factors: Impact on Human Health and Digital Monitoring) |
Environment and its indicators as health risk factors have been widely studied for a long time. The atmospheric air and factors polluting it are confirmed as the most important environmental factors that influence human’s health. Nevertheless, people spend up to 90% of their time indoors. Indicators of indoor environment have another origins and they can also have another scales. At the same time, these factors can be influenced easily, thus decreasing their negative impact on health. The aim of our review is to study information about impact of physical factors of indoor environment on human organism and methods of maintaining them within safe level. For analysis we chose several factors depending on their prevalence, opportunities to measure their levels and availability of the methods to correct them. The search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar and Elibrary data bases. Fundamental literature, such as legislative act, were used. Nowadays, disease prevention via elimination of risk factors influence on human health is gaining more and more attention. There are various devices that capture air indicators in houses and public buildings. Their use helps to maintain parameters within comfort level. We summarized information about the most important and wide-spread factors, their impact on health, methods for their measurement and solutions for their correction. Nevertheless, there are not enough devices which enable to monitor several important factors simultaneously. That problem leads to using different devices and each of them need calibration and technical service. Conclusion. Nowadays the impact of environmental factors on human health is widely studied and new information about this problem appears constantly. Dynamic monitoring of indicators of environmental factors is necessary for decreasing negative influence on health. An important step towards simultaneous monitoring of the most significant indoor factors is developing of technical solutions which can remove the duty to service many devices separately. These technical solutions can also propose methods for maintaining these factors within safe levels. |
| Шадеркина, В. А. Антропоморфные роботы в медицине: варианты технологий и перспективы / В. А. Шадеркина, А. И. Шадеркина, А. А. Петрушин // Российский журнал телемедицины и электронного здравоохранения. – 2023. – Т. 9, № 1. – С. 49–59.
(Anthropomorphic robots in medicine: technology options and prospects) |
Anthropomorphic robots may eventually occupy a special niche in medicine, performing physically demanding, as well as emotionally monotonous work. As artificial intelligence is introduced, ARs will become more complex and their functions will expand. Materials and methods. For a review on anthropomorphic robots, foreign and Russian scientific publications were studied. It should be noted that the Russian segment of scientific publications for the keywords «anthropomorphic robots», «humanoid robots», «social robots» is extremely small and does not reflect the current world practice. 20 articles were selected from foreign sources. 2 own classifications have been developed – medical robots and anthropomorphic medical robots. Results. In recent years, there has been an explosive growth in the development of robotics. Along with industrial, military, service robots, the development of medical robots is going its own way. A universal anthropomorphic robot is a complex combination of a musculoskeletal system, mechanical limbs, a voice recognition system, space and neural networks capable of processing and understanding the environment and voice commands. The hallmark of AR at the time of writing: lack of cognitive ability and physical autonomy. The use of AR in certain medical fields is described, an attempt is made to determine the social aspects of AR. Conclusion. The greatest demand for anthropomorphic (humanoid) robots in medicine will be for caring for the elderly and for patients with limited motor functions, during pandemics or other potentially life-threatening situations. In the future, at the stage of introducing artificial intelligence, a thorough study of the legislation and the security system of such robots is required. Currently, the cost of AR is quite high, but in the future, cost reduction will be associated with the absence of costs for changing the environment for using such robots, which may be economically justified. The most important aspect of the use of AR is emotional interaction with a person and the safety of the latter |
| Шадеркина, В. А. Виртуальная реальность (VR) в педиатрии: международный и российский опыт / В. А. Шадеркина, А. В. Лелюк, Д. В. Алтунин // Российский журнал телемедицины и электронного здравоохранения. – 2023. – Т. 9, № 1. – С. 60–71.
(Virtual reality (VR) in pediatrics: international and russian experience) |
Virtual Reality (VR) is an interactive-immersive, computer-generated environment or experience that may be estimated as the evolution of existing communication interfaces towards different levels of immersion. Over the past 15 years, VR and AR technologies have been actively introduced into clinical medicine. Children are the most active users of modern gadgets and the Internet, so their compliance with new technology is considered the highest. The purpose. To demonstrate the virtual reality (VR) technologies potential in pediatric practice. Materials and methods. For the review, foreign and domestic publications from 2016 to 2023 were used. An analysis of the VR potential in pediatrics was carried out, its positive effects were identified, as well as unresolved issues both on the part of patients and the scientific and clinical community. Results. The pediatrics niches that are likely to be occupied by VR in the future are in the field of rehabilitation, habilitation, psychiatry, and palliative medicine. It is possible to use VR technologies to enhance pain relief, reduce anxiety, depression in almost all subspecialties of pediatrics. Due to its non-invasiveness, the possibility of combining with pharmacological methods, a high degree of empathy and compliance on the part of pediatric patients is ensured. It is also important to ensure epidemiological safety, which has become very popular during a pandemic. Conclusion. The conducted studies and review of scientific publications demonstrate the high potential of VR virtual reality methods in pediatrics. Decreased investment in knowledge-intensive areas, including the use of VR technologies in medicine, may limit their implementation in clinical practice. It is necessary to unite scientific professional communities to conduct randomized clinical trials with the subsequent development of protocols and clinical guidelines for VR in pediatrics. |
| Дистанционные телемедицинские технологии в детской неврологии / А. И. Шадеркина [и др.] // Российский журнал телемедицины и электронного здравоохранения. – 2023. – Т. 9, № 3. – С. 24–34.
(Remote telemedicine technologies in pediatric neurology) |
Neurologic disorders make a significant contribution to overall morbidity. For example, in recent years in Moscow, the overall incidence of diseases of the nervous system in children is 7637.1 per 100.000 people. The chronic course of neurologic disorders and the need for long-term rehabilitation determine the widespread use of digital technologies in this area. Materials and methods. A literature review was conducted in the PubMed database. The inclusion criteria for studies were the use of digital technologies and the participation of patients under 18 years of age in testing and evaluating the effectiveness of these methods. Results. In this paper we reviewed the use of digital technologies in disorders such as cerebral palsy (CP), epilepsy, headaches including migraines, and multiple sclerosis. Modern wearable diagnostic and neuroimaging devices have been described. In the treatment of cerebral palsy, home rehabilitation options are receiving high interest. The most common area in which remote monitoring is used is the chronic headaches monitoring. Many available solutions have been developed in this area, such as digital diaries, which are used to identify the causes and triggers of migraines exacerbations and tension headaches. Telemedicine consultations increase patient access to neurological and neurosurgical care, and use of teleconsultations is increasing rapidly in recent years. Conclusion. Thus, there is currently an active development of digital technologies in pediatric neurology. Telemedicine consultations, virtual and augmented reality technologies, and the use of applications on smartphones and related devices are becoming new high-quality and objective methods of patient management. |
| Применение цифровых технологий в неврологии / Е. В. Бриль [и др.] // Российский журнал телемедицины и электронного здравоохранения. – 2023. – Т. 9, № 4. – С. 14–22.
(Application of digital technologies in neurology) |
Digital technology is the fastest growing area with major implications for healthcare. In neurology, this can provide better accessibility in consultations, expanding the potential of various diagnostic and therapeutic tools and systems. For example, telemedicine allows expanding access to services, overcoming geographical barriers, thereby providing the opportunity to provide medical care not only to patients, but also to their relatives. The widespread introduction of artificial intelligence elements into the routine practice of a neurologist helps make decisions on diagnosis, treatment, assessment of development and prognosis of various neurological diseases. This article describes digital health technologies for providing care for neurodegenerative diseases, demyelinating diseases, dementia, stroke and epilepsy. |
| Анализ влияния факторов окружающей среды на здоровье человека с применением цифровых решений / И. А. Шадеркин [и др.] // Российский журнал телемедицины и электронного здравоохранения. – 2023. – Т. 9, № 4. – С. 36–44.
(Analysis of the impact of environmental factors on human health using digital solutions) |
The article discusses the possibilities of using digital solutions to analyze the impact of environmental factors on human health. The aim is to propose a digital model for the hygienic assessment of the complex impact of environmental factors on human health. The problem to be solved: currently, information on the assessment of the impact of numerous environmental factors on human health is characterized by high dispersion, not allowing them to be taken into account in a complex. The use of digital solutions will allow for a comprehensive hygienic assessment of these factors. The novelty of the work lies in the use of digital technologies in the analysis and assessment of the studied environmental factors. Materials and methods. In the process of work, scientific and review articles, reports and reports of government agencies, general methods of scientific research are used: analysis, comparison, generalization, synthesis, systematic approach, structural analysis; statistical method; hygienic analysis. Results. For a comprehensive assessment of environmental factors on human health, we proposed to apply a random forest machine learning model on a data set of environmental factors. Based on the scales calculated by the model, it is possible to draw conclusions about which factors most significantly affect the occurrence of certain diseases. Conclusion. The results of the study are promising for implementation in the practice of assessing the environmental quality of the study area. They can be used to develop methods and technologies to prevent and reduce the negative impact of these factors on human health. |
| Диагноз в эпоху цифровой медицины / И. А. Шадеркин [и др.] // Российский журнал телемедицины и электронного здравоохранения. – 2024. – Т. 10, № 1. – С. 7–32.
(Diagnosis in the era of digital medicine) |
Classification of diagnoses in medicine is a systematic approach to categorizing and coding various diseases, symptoms, circumstances of seeking medical care, and causes of death. This process has evolved over many centuries, from the first attempts to describe diseases to the creation of the international classifications used today. Diagnosis is not a static concept and changes as new knowledge emerges in medicine. This is reflected in the constant evolution of diagnoses and the continuous change in existing classifications of diseases. At this point in time, diagnosis carries not so much a clinical burden when making decisions about patient management, but, for the most part, a statistical function, is included as an important tool in health care financing issues, and is actively used in health care organizations. The authors believe that the diagnosis does not allow solving the problem of transition from a curative (therapeutic) model of healthcare to a preventive one, where it is necessary to work with a healthy person and risk factors. In some cases, clinicians remain dissatisfied when using an approach where it is necessary to strictly limit clinical tactics to the framework of existing diagnoses dictated by accepted classifications of diseases. The most striking contradictions associated with diagnosis occur when using digital technologies in medicine. Difficulties associated with assigning a patient a diagnosis in the ICD tree are associated with the insufficient current level of knowledge about the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease. A symptomatic approach to their treatment plays a major role in overcoming the problem associated with a low level of knowledge about diseases. |
| Шадеркина, В. А. ChatGPT в медицине: возможности и ограничения / В. А. Шадеркина // Российский журнал телемедицины и электронного здравоохранения. – 2024. – Т. 10, № 1. – С. 33–43.
(ChatGPT in medicine: opportunities and limitations) |
ChatGPT and similar large language model (LLM)/artificial intelligence (AI)-based technologies have been actively implemented in medicine worldwide over the past few years. Materials and Methods. The author analysed the available literature on the application of large language models (LLM, BNM, AI) in medicine and gave his opinion on whether AI/ChatGPT can replace the physician and whether ChatGPT integration into medicine is to be feared. Results. The place of AI/ChatGPT in medicine is yet to be determined, but we can already identify areas of its use – evaluation of medical data and support for clinical decisions, training and professional development of medical professionals, management and processing of large amounts of documentation, support for communication with patients, including highly personalised communication with patients and their relatives. However, it should be taken into account that ChatGPT/ AI is an evolving tool that is currently difficult to call perfect. Despite its high level of development, AI/ChatGPT can make mistakes, especially if it has been trained on incomplete, insufficient or biased data. For example, the AI may not take into account social, psychological, and economic factors of patients, which are critical for proper diagnosis and treatment. Moreover, a known factor is AI/ChatGPT «hallucinations», a format that generates incorrect, fictitious data («hallucinations»), requiring additional verification of information by medical personnel. Separate issues that remain unresolved are patient data privacy and legal and ethical responsibilities. Conclusions. The prospects for the application of LLM/ AI/ChatGPT in medicine are limitless and include improved medical efficiency and patient interaction, decision support and administrative assistance, potential for educational and research applications, and democratisation of AI technologies. Regardless of our attitude towards ChatGPT, the development of AI is unstoppable. The most prudent course of action is to embrace it and harness its potential to improve human health care. The development of measures to ensure data security and ethical use of LLM/ AI/ChatGPT is required. |
| О стратегиях регулирования репродуктивного поведения: медико-социальный аспект / Э. Н. Мингазова [и др.] // Бюллетень Национального научно-исследовательского института общественного здоровья им. Н. А. Семашко. – 2024. – № 3. – С. 87–92. | Репродуктивное поведение формируется и регулируется под воздействием биологических, экономических, психологических и социальных факторов. Разработаны, имплементированы глобальные и национальные стратегии охраны репродуктивного здоровья и формирования репродуктивного поведения. Ввиду снижения репродуктивно-демографического потенциала страны необходимы комплексные исследования c целью разработки стратегии формирования репродуктивного поведения и репродуктивных потребностей населения. Ввиду значимости охраны здоровья, начиная с зачатия, профилактики инфекционных и неинфекционных заболеваний, включая и болезни репродуктивной системы, в стратегии профилактического здравоохранения необходимо включить меры по усилению роли медицинских служб первичного звена в качестве эффективного медицинского инструмента влияния на репродуктивное поведение населения. |
| Ильченко, Г. В. Аспекты внедрения цифровых технологий при предоставлении услуг в сфере здравоохранения (обзор литературы) / Г. В. Ильченко, О. Ю. Ищенко, Ю. А. Ольховская // Проблемы социальной гигиены, здравоохранения и истории медицины. – 2024. – Т. 32, № 3. – С. 325–330.
(The Aspects of Implementation of Digital Technologies under Rendering of Services in Health Care: The Publications Review) |
The article presents review summarizing contemporary national and foreign experience of implementing digital technol-ogies under provision of services in health care. The systematic analysis of data from Scopus, eLibrary, PubMed and oth-ers electronic databases permitted to select 30 sources in Russian and English for 2016–2023.Modern digitization trends affect collaborations of companies where vectors of modernization become development ofunified digital framework based on common state information system of health care; common educational platform formedical knowledge enriching by AI capabilities, through development of organizational activities and workflows basedon digital technologies and services utilizing digital transformation. The deficiency of tools evaluating efficiency of read-ing software products and scalability of health digitization processes become problematic issues.As of today, diagnostic technologies using AI systems, technologies of lung cancer screening, examination methods of pa-tients with post-traumatic deformations of cheekbone-orbital complex, monitoring of readings of devices with digital reg-istration, further office consulting of various levels and application of AI in neurosurgery were described already. The ar-ticle also considers issues of telemedicine consultations and development of modernized care models.The authors expect that digital ecosystem in development addressing issues of legal concept of management, financingand system of patient legal protection will do everything necessary to mitigate cyber incidents. |
| Наночастицы для адресной доставки лекарственных средств в современной кардиологии / В. А. Киденко [и др.] // Клиническая медицина. – 2023. – Т. 101, № 9–10. – С. 454–466.
(Nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery in modern cardiology) |
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death worldwide. The loss of cardiomyocytes resulting from injuries such as acute MI often leads to fibrotic scarring and depressed cardiac function. The use of targeted drug delivery systems is always necessary as they provide unique advantages for increasing efficacy and reducing undesirable effects. Nanoparticles (NPs) are the most common means of delivering therapeutic agents to target tissues. NPs for drug delivery can be composed of various nanomaterials and structures, including lipids, polymers, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, and metal nanoparticles. We have reviewed approaches to cardio-specific drug delivery based on NPs for the treatment of ischemic heart disease in preclinical and clinical studies. Drug delivery based on NPs has the potential for specific targeting of tissues and cells, as well as for prolonged release of multiple therapeutic agents. However, the use of NPs in the therapy of cardiovascular diseases is relatively limited compared to other areas such as oncology and neurology. One of the main obstacles is the lack of specificity in current targeting systems for the heart. Future research is needed to identify specific ligands/receptors in cardiomyocytes and develop new NPs with high affinity and specificity. |
| Влияние кадмия на развитие детей и подростков (систематический обзор) / Н. Д. Бобрищева-Пушкина [и др.] // Гигиена и санитария. – 2023. – Т. 102, № 9. – С. 947–953.
(Effects of cadmium on children and adolescents development (systematic review)) |
Introduction. Cadmium is widespread in the environment as a result of industrial activity, the use of agrochemicals, smoking. Children and adolescents are an eco-sensitive group of the population, and indicators of their physical and mental development are highly informative indicators of environmental impact. The purpose of the review was to study the effects of cadmium on the physical and mental development in children and adolescents. Search and selection of sources. A search was conducted for literature that is freely available using the search engines PubMed, Science Direct and eLibrary. The search was carried out by the keywords: “effects of cadmium on the physical and mental development of children”, as well as on their individual indicators. The initial search allowed identifying seven thousand eight hundred sixty one reports, after an independent evaluation by two experts, 24 full-text publications remained. The inclusion criteria were: original data on the effect of cadmium on the development indicators in children and adolescents at any route of its entry into the body, a mathematically proven link between the level of cadmium with development indicators, taking into account the possibility of data bias. Results. The analysis of the subject matter and design of publications allowed establishing a limited set of criteria for assessing the physical and mental development (there are no indicators of dental maturity, puberty of boys, speech development, playing activity). Most studies indicate the effect of intrauterine exposure to cadmium on the body weight in newborns. The negative effect of cadmium on intellectual development begins to be determined in the senior preschool and school age and is also found in most studies. Contradictory data were obtained for the remaining indicators. Most researchers have not received data on sex differences when exposed to cadmium. Conclusion. Additional comprehensive randomized multicentric studies of the physical and mental development of children under the influence of cadmium, conducted according to a single protocol, are needed. |
| Использование физического ограничения у взрослых пациентов отделений интенсивной терапии: обзор литературы / В. И. Горбачев [и др.] // Вестник интенсивной терапии имени А. И. Салтанова. – 2023. – № 4. – С. 112–124.
(Physical restraints practice in adult intensive care units: a review) |
Objective: To describe the available evidence on indications, complications, care and alternative strategies in the use of physical restraint in adult patients in Intensive Care Units. Materials and methods: An integrative review conducted in the Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, Nursing Database and the eLibrary portal. The search was performed on the queries: “physical restriction”, “fixation devices in intensive care”, “patient safety”, “fixation of the patient”. Results: The final selection was of 93 articles, from which the indications, complications, care and alternative strategies were extracted. Conclusion: The most common practices regarding physical restraints in Russia and foreign countries were described, and the need for the elaboration and implementation of protocols on intervention to support decision — making was observed. |
| Цифровые технологии в корпоративных программах укрепления здоровья: международный и отечественный опыт / А. А. Анциферова [и др.] // Профилактическая медицина. – 2023. – Т. 26, № 11. – С. 116–121.
(Digital technologies in corporate health promotion programs: international and domestic experience) |
Nowadays, as technology has evolved, the working practice has changed significantly; thus, conditions must be created for a healthy lifestyle for workers in the workplace. In recent decades, data have been obtained on the effectiveness of corporate programs to improve personnel health, including using digital technologies to correct behavioral risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases. To study international and domestic experiences of using digital technologies in corporate health promotion programs. A literature search was conducted in open sources of eLibrary, National Library of Medicine PubMed. Full-text articles in English and Russian were selected, which address the utilization of digital technologies in corporate programs to promote the personnel health. The information obtained via the Google search engine was also used for the review. Many digital technologies are available to personnel to improve health in the workplace, including those aimed at increasing physical activity, maintaining mental health and well-being, The authors did not find reports on digital technologies aimed at reducing the prevalence of unhealthy habits, smoking and alcohol consumption, in working conditions. In the technology era, the most relevant is the integration of digital platforms into the workflow to improve personnel health. The review presents digital health promotion platforms in the workplace. |
| Новые возможности искусственного интеллекта в медицине: описательный обзор / А. А. Литвин [и др.] // Проблемы здоровья и экологии. – 2024. – Т. 21, № 1. – С. 7–17.
(New possibilities of artificial intelligence in medicine: a narrative review) |
The purpose of the narrative review is to provide a descriptive analysis of the emerging capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) to improve the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of various diseases. The article discusses which modern AI tools can be used in clinical practice, healthcare organization and medical education. The paper considers various aspects of medical AI systems, which are mainly computer support systems for medical decision-making in the process of clinical work. Much attention is paid to the possibilities of generative AI in medicine. Potential applications of AI in clinical practice have been investigated, highlighting promising prospects for both practitioners and their patients. The limitations associated with the use of AI in various fields of medicine are described, and possible ways of solving them are suggested. The problems of information security and ethical constraints associated with the introduction of AI are outlined. The broad integration of AI into public health will enhance clinical and management decision support, speed up disease diagnosis, and improve the overall quality and accessibility of healthcare services. |
| Кривошеев, В. В. Дефицит витамина D – показатель высокой смертности [Текст] / В. В. Кривошеев, И. В. Козловский, Л. Ю. Никитина // Санитарный врач. – 2024. – № 2. – С. 125–141. | Исследования последних лет свидетельствуют о том, что дефицит витамина D оказывает большое влияние на общее состояние здоровья и продолжительность жизни человека, а препараты витамина D могут успешно использоваться для предупреждения и лечения широкого круга заболеваний у взрослых и детей. При этом в Российской Федерации распространенность дефицита и недостаточности витамина D достигает 84%. В связи с этим проведены статистические исследования смертности населения Европы (в том числе России), США и Канады в зависимости от распространенности дефицита витамина D. Результаты показали, что распространенность дефицита витамина D среди населения этих стран связана статистически значимыми, прямо пропорциональными зависимостями (р = 0,002-0,007) с общей смертностью от неинфекционных заболеваний (ишемической болезни сердца, инсульта, хронической обструктивной болезни легких, диабета), рака и C0VID-19. В связи с этим представляется совершенно необходимым радикальное изменение отношения населения, органов власти, медицинских работников и общественности к проблеме D-авитаминоза населения Российской Федерации. Необходима подготовка и реализация федеральной и региональных программ D-витаминизации населения РФ, включающих широкомасштабную информационную кампанию о пользе витамина D, мониторинг уровня витамина D среди наиболее уязвимых категорий населения и их лечение добавками витамина D, что позволит улучшить состояние здоровья и сократить преждевременную смертность населения Российской Федерации. |
| Бенян, А. С. Медицинское обеспечение крупных спортивных мероприятий международного уровня: обзор литературы / А. С. Бенян, Н. И. Маковеева, М. А. Медведчиков-Ардия // Общественное здоровье. – 2023. – Т. 3, № 4. – С. 37–50.
(Medical Support for Major International Sports Events: A Literature Rewiew) |
Introduction. The article carries out a critical review of the literature and updates the emphasis in organizing the preparation and holding of major sporting events from the point of view of a healthcare organizer. Target: to identify areas of activity that require further improvement and development in the organization of medical support for major sporting events. Materials and methods. An analysis of the available literary sources of databases was carried out: RSCI, RusMed, Pubmed, Web of Science. Results. The most pressing groups of issues for further study and solution have been identified: the uniqueness, significance and complexity of sporting events; statistics and structure of diseases and injuries; features of the structure and course of medical conditions at sports facilities and events; organizing interaction between different services within the healthcare system and interdepartmental interaction; prevention and monitoring of infectious diseases; features of training of medical personnel. Conclusion. The holding of major sporting events, in turn, is a driver for the development of the healthcare system in the host city and country. Preparing for such an event requires the creation of a vision, operational plans, targeted training of personnel and infrastructure. |
| Хирургическая безопасность: эффективность, основанная на коллективном опыте, и проблемы внедрения (обзор литературы) / А. С. Бенян [и др.] // Общественное здоровье. – 2023. – Т. 3, № 3. – С. 44–56.
(Surgical safety: effectiveness based on collective intelligence and implementation challenges (review)) |
The authors used databases Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, MedLine, RSCI for a systematic periodicals review on surgical safety issues published from 2000 to 2022. The literature review has shown that organization of interaction and communication, quality of completion of the checklist, assessment of the clinical effectiveness of the checklist, possibility of adapting the checklist to the conditions of a particular surgical department, increased compliance of healthcare professionals with the use of the surgical safety checklist, possibility of patient participation in completing the checklist appear to be the basic issues requiring a critical look and a prospective discussion. The introduction of individual components of quality control and medical care safety is known to be a rather long and staged process, during which systematic approaches, starting points and control points are repeatedly reviewed. The high level of specialists training and concentration, the need for clear communications within the surgical team, strict follow the preventive rules can serve as the initial guidelines requiring constant training control. The process principle of quality service management and the incorporation of new technologies for optimization filling and digitalization of the checklist will improve the efficiency and effectiveness of surgical safety. |
| Применение методов диагностики расстройств чтения и письма в российских популяционных исследованиях / Г. А. Каркашадзе [и др.] // Педиатрическая фармакология. – 2023. – Т. 20, № 6. – С. 597–607.
(The application of diagnostic methods for disturbance of reading and writing in Russian population studies) |
Dyslexia (disturbance of reading) and dysgraphia (disturbance of writing) are a common problem of teaching children in secondary schools. Information on the prevalence of these conditions is ambiguous, the data presented in the Russian speech therapy literature differ from the results of a few foreign works, and therefore population studies are becoming particularly relevant. The review of the domestic methodological base with the prospect of application in population research and international approaches to population screening are presented. |
| Современные средства индивидуальной защиты людей от кровососущих членистоногих / О. М. Германт [и др.] // Проблемы особо опасных инфекций. – 2023. – № 3. – С. 15–21.
(Modern Means of Personal Protection of People from Bloodsucking Arthropods) |
The review focuses on the means of personal protection of people from blood-sucking arthropods, mainly from Ixodidae ticks. Individual (personal) protection of humans is an important component of nonspecific prevention of natural-focal vector-borne diseases. The paper considers statistical data describing the level of significance and relevance of the information about the infections transmitted by ticks, for instance, tick-borne viral encephalitis, tick-borne borreliosis etc. Presented are the characteristics of different groups of personal protection means: insectoacaricidal, repellent, and insectoacaricidal-repellent ones. Indicators of their effectiveness are assessed; their practical use, as well as the features of special protective clothing and the necessity of its application is described. The toxicity of protective clothing is reduced through a lining fabric, local inserts of fabric with insectoacaricidal impregnation and the use of underwear. Different interpretation of the term “repellent” in the domestic and foreign literature, and also two different approaches (“Eastern” and “Western”) to the design and manufacture of personal protection means for people against attacks of blood-sucking arthropods, including Ixodidae ticks, in Russia and Western Europe countries and the USA is discussed. The paper highlights the effect of different pyrethroid groups on the behavioral reactions of ticks. It is shown that in the Russian Federation the use of permethrin is prohibited for the treatment of protective clothing against blood-sucking arthropods, in particular against the taiga tick Ixodes persulcatus, which is the main vector of dangerous infections across the major part of the country (in the east of the European part, the Urals, Siberia and the Far East). |
| Системы оценки и сертификации реагентов, материалов и технологий, используемых при водоподготовке в России и за рубежом (обзор литературы) / А. В. Алексеева [и др.] // Гигиена и санитария. – 2024. – Т. 103, № 2. – С. 113–119.
(Assessment and certification systems for reagents, materials and technologies used in water treatment in Russia and abroad) |
The article contains an overview of regulatory standing orders devoted to the issues of methodological approaches to assessment and certification systems of reagents, materials, and technologies used in water treatment in Russia and abroad. When conducting a literature search, the following databases were used: Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, Global Health, RSCI, as well as a search method based on keywords and citations. Reagents and materials used in water treatment must neither impair the organoleptic properties of water, support the growth of microorganisms, nor have a cytotoxic or mutagenic effect. Their safety assessment includes studies of impurities, chemical and physical properties, maximum doses, behaviour in water, transformation in different environments, migration, and cumulative effects. Reagents, equipment, and materials in many countries are subject to certification by various organizations and specialized laboratories. There are established procedures for their control, including procurement, inspection, handling, storage, and maintenance to ensure quality. At the same time, there is a number of differences: various criteria and standards are used to assess these parameters (from 0.1 MPC to MPC in the hood), and unlike methods. The research methodology, experimental conditions and methods for assessing the results obtained also differ significantly, which can lead to differences in the final results concluding permission and not permission for use in drinking water supply. Standardization of methods and criteria will provide an integrated and comprehensive approach to the selection of reagents and materials in contact with drinking water, eliminate existing contradictions, and help to unite the efforts of many organizations to create an optimal standardization option. |
| Условия труда и состояние здоровья работников школ (обзор литературы) / Е. Г. Степанов [и др.] // Гигиена и санитария. – 2024. – Т. 103, № 2. – С. 141–146.
(Working conditions and health status of school workers (literature review)) |
In recent years, the range of publications concerning the high likelihood of teachers developing syndromes of professional burnout and professional destruction has been increasingly expanding. This trend is almost equally characteristic of most countries over the world: from Great Britain, Germany, and Scandinavia in Europe to China, Japan in Asia and Nigeria in Africa, and, over the last decade, in Russia. In other words, the problem under consideration is global in nature and depends little on the level of economic development of the country and its ethno-geographical characteristics. Purpose of work. Study foreign and domestic scientific literature directly related to the problems of creating working conditions and their impact on the health in education workers. The presented review is based on the publications of a number of domestic and foreign studies. The literature search was carried out using the databases Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, RSCI. A total of forty two publications were analyzed for the period from 2001 to 2022. A systematic analysis of the world scientific literature was conducted on the management of events aimed at assessing the working conditions and health in teachers. The study examined various aspects related to the provision of medical care to education workers. After evaluating the results of the study, it became clear that there is some discrepancy between reports in the field of psychology and hygiene. In the first group of works devoted to the psychological aspect, insufficient attention is paid to the study of working conditions and their impact on the health of teachers, despite the widespread prevalence of professional burnout syndrome among the teaching community. At the same time, in the second group of studies devoted to hygienic aspects, the role of psychosocial factors influencing the health of teachers is not sufficiently addressed. Conclusion. In general, the analysis of the characteristics of working conditions and health of pedagogical workers allows concluding this topic to be relevant and in demand in the scientific world. It also highlights the need for further research and development in this area to improve diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of related diseases. |